More than 700 naturalised plant species have been enlisted in flora of Melghat. Some rare species are Geranium mascatense, Senecio chrysanthemoides, Peristylus constrictus, Apium gravealens, Ceropegia oculata, Ariopsis peltata, Drosera indica, Curculigo orchilides, Smithia bigemia.
Major fauna of the Reserve includes Panthera tigris, Panthera pardus, Melursus ursinus, Cuon alpinus, Canis aureus, Rusa unicolor, Bos gaurus, Muntiacus muntjak, Boselaphus tragocamelus, Axis axis, Tetracerus quadricornis, Mellivora capensis, Petaurista petaurista, Funambulus, Porcula salvania, Semnopithecus, Macaca mulatta, Erethizon dorsatum, Manis crassicaudata, Tragulidae, Tragulidae, Python molurus, Lutrinae, Lepus nigricollis.